Instrumental
Instrumental often answers with whom, with what, by what means, or where around something.
How to spot instrumental
Look for the clue first: s/se for with, position prepositions like za or před, or a tool/means.
| Clue | Pattern |
|---|---|
| Preposition clues | |
| with | swith kamarádfriend s kamarádemwith a friend |
| with | swith mlékomilk s mlékemwith milk |
| behind | zabehind důmhouse za domembehind the house |
| in front of | předin front of školaschool před školouin front of the school |
| under | podunder stůltable pod stolemunder the table |
| above | nadabove městocity nad městemabove the city |
| No preposition | |
| means | vlaktrain Jedu vlakemI am going by train |
| means | kartacard Platím kartouI am paying by card |
| Clue | Preposition | + | Base | Instrumental | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preposition clues | |||||
| with | swith | kamarádfriend | s kamarádemwith a friend | ||
| with | swith | mlékomilk | s mlékemwith milk | ||
| behind | zabehind | důmhouse | za domembehind the house | ||
| in front of | předin front of | školaschool | před školouin front of the school | ||
| under | podunder | stůltable | pod stolemunder the table | ||
| above | nadabove | městocity | nad městemabove the city | ||
| No preposition | |||||
| means | — | vlaktrain | Jedu vlakemI am going by train | ||
| means | — | kartacard | Platím kartouI am paying by card | ||